Scientific information about low energy nuclear reaction and cold fusion

Everyone has heard of atoms, those teenie tiny particles that are so small they are invisible to us, but are what make-up everything in the universe. The first person who had theories about these kinds of particles was Aristotle. He described them as each having little hooks so they could join together. (He was a fisherman so that made sense to him.) He didn’t know about magnetism or any of the things our scientists know today. Since then, all kinds of individuals have been trying to figure out the secrets of these tiny particles.

There are actually only two things in the universe. One is Matter, which is the “stuff” made up of all the atoms. The other is Energy. Which is derived from the movement or motion of the matter. Inside each atom the particles are always in motion, this creates heat that we call energy. This is the area people have been trying to figure out. What are the mechanisms that promote changes, that result in more energy and how can people benefit from learning and controlling them?

Man tends to look at biological entities, like animals and plants, as being “alive,” and other things as being “dead,“ or not alive. But that is not so. All matter should be thought of as alive, because the parts of the atoms, move and interact with each other. The most interesting thing is that nothing is actually ever “created,” or “destroyed,” it just changes from one form to another.

An example is a campfire burning wood. The wood burns down and leaves some ash. This portion of wood changed into ash. It even has a different chemical composition. The rest of the wood has become energy. There may have even been some changes within the warmed dirt. Eventually the heat dissipates into the air, changing the composition of the air, possible steam. As the air cooled, Moisture follows, another change.

This was just an example using the chemical changes that can happen with matter. However, the concern now is not with the matter, or even the chemicals that make up the matter. But with the atoms themselves that make up the chemicals. Science had been trying to discover how to engage with the parts of the individual atoms, to initiate those changes and have usable energy.

Most of the mass of am atom is made up of the protons and neutrons in the very dense nucleus, with the orbiting electrons making a small contribution. Atoms are like some people they are not very friendly until you get close to them. The Neutrons repel each other keeping the atoms separate, this is called the Coulomb barrier. However, when touching the positive attraction becomes greater, they "fuse" together, to form a single heavier nucleus. The result of these opposing forces is that the binding energy per nucleon generally increases with increasing size. Getting the atoms together passed the barrier has been one of the most difficult challenges.

One of the methods traditionally tried is using a powerful thermonuclear fusion device. (Hot) fusion, like in the hydrogen bomb. This was because it was felt that having high temperature would best neutralize the Coulomb barrier, making equilibrium between the positives and negatives.

Another manner is accelerating the particles by something similar to shooting them at each other at high speed, to collide, and the fusion reaction can take place. This is one of the things the The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that started to work in March 2010, may be working towards.

Other research predominantly tried using pressure to more or less squish the atoms together, to initiate the fusion. This is sometimes created in a manner similar to suspending the elements in water in a vacuum, heating and drawing off the steam which in turn increased the pressure on the remaining elements. There are any number of other ways to increase pressure.

There is an electromagnetic field from the nucleus. Even though electrons may only orbit little more than1/100th of the speed of light, their spin phenomenon, can be controlled by magnetism and if made faster, accelerate the energy within the atom. This could multiply the energy within and dispel the resistance. This could be a practical result of the Pauli Principal.

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